بررسی اثر سیلیکون بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه داروئی Cannabis sativa L. در محیط کشت‌های خاکی و بدون‌خاک

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

فاطمه بهشتی ¹ (گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران)
سارا خراسانی نژاد ² (گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/03/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01

کلید واژه: هیدروپونیک, آنتی‌اکسیدان, آنتوسیانین, شاهدانه, Cannabis sativa, فنل‌کل,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه شاهدانه (Cannabis sativa L.) یک محصول امیدبخش به‌لحاظ تولید داروهای گیاهی خاص موردتوجه می‌باشد. همچنین سیلیکون، به عنوان یک عنصر اصلی بسیار مهم در بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در شرایط متنوع محیطی مطرح می‌باشد. سیستم‌های کشت بدون‌خاک از مهمترین فناوری روز دنیا برای محیط های نامساعد محیطی است در همین راستا باهدف بررسی عملکرد رشدی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی شاهدانه تحت محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون، آزمایشی گلدانی، در گلخانه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در بهار و تابستان سال 1398، براساس فاکتوریل دوعاملی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تیمارسیلیکون با غلظت های صفر، 0/75، 1/5 و 2/25 میلی مولار و سه تکرار در چهار بستر کشت (خاک و ماسه (مشتقات خاکی)، خاک و ورمی کمپوست (مشتقات خاکی)، پرلیت (هیدروپونیک)، پرلیت و کوکوپیت (هیدروپونیک)) انجام شد. پس از کامل شدن رشد رویشی، شاخص های رشدی، مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فیتوشییمیایی از جمله طول ریشه و اندام هوایی (خط‌کش)، وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی و ریشه، رطوبت نسبی برگ (ترازو)، سطح برگ (سطح برگ‌سنج)، رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی و آنتوسیانین، قندکل، فنل‌کل، فلاونوئیدکل، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی (اسپکتوفتومتر)، برخی عناصر برگ و ریشه (فلیم‌فتومتر) اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم کشت دارای اثر معنی‌داری روی همه صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری (به جز فلاونوئیدکل) بوده است و اعمال سیلیکون سبب بهبود بسیاری از صفات فیتوشیمیایی و اجزای عملکرد با غلظت 1/5 و 2/25 در این گیاه شد. نکته قابل‌توجه اینست که سیلیکون در سیستم‌های هیدروپونیک سبب بهبود صفات رشدی و جذب عناصر گردید ولی در محیط کشت‌های مشتقات خاکی، سبب افزایش صفات فیتوشیمیایی فلاونوئیدکل و آنتوسیانین شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌تواند حاکی از آن باشد که استفاده از محیط کشت‌های هیدروپونیک سبب افزایش عمکرد می‌گردد درحالی‌که در محیط‌های کشت خاکی به سبب وجود برخی محدودیت‌ها به ویژه محدودیت در جذب عناصر، ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی غیرآنزیمی مانند فنل‌کل افزایش نشان می‌یابد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Cannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologies in the world for adverse environmental environments. Based on a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design with four silicon treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mmol and three replications in four culture media (soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost compost (soil derivatives), perlite (hydroponics), perlite and cocopeat (hydroponics) were applied. After vegetative growth is complete, growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical indices including root and shoot length (ruler), fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf moisture (scales), leaf area (leaf surface), photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, sugar, phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (spectrophotometer), some leaf and root elements (flame photometer) were measured. The results showed that the culture system had a significant effect on all measured traits (except flavonoids) and the application of silicon improved many phytochemical traits and yield components with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.25 in this plant. It is noteworthy that silicon in hydroponic systems improved the growth traits and absorption of elements, but in the culture medium of soil derivatives, increased the phytochemical traits of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The results can indicate that the use of hydroponic culture media increases the yield, while in soil media due to some limitations, especially the absorption of elements, non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid increase.

منابع و مأخذ:

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_||_

References

1. Abeysinghe, D.C., Wijerathne, S.M.N.K. and Dharmadasa, R. M. (2014). Secondary metabolites contents and antioxidant capacities of Acmella oleraceae grown under different growing systems. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(4): 163-167.


2. Afreen, F., Zobayed, S.M.A. and Kozai, T. (2005). Spectral quality and UV-B stress stimulate glycyrrhizin concentration of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in hydroponic and pot system. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 43(12): 1074-1081.


3. Ahmad, P., Ahanger, M.A., Alam, P., Alyemeni, M.N., Wijaya, L. and Ali, S. (2019). Silicon (Si) supplementation alleviates NaCl toxicity in mung bean (Vigna radiata) through the modifications of physio-biochemica attributes and key antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 38: 70-82.


4. Ahmed, M., Asif, M. and Hassan, F.U. (2014). Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. Acta physiologiae plantarum. 36(2): 473-483.


5. Al-Aghabary, K., Zhu, Z. and Shi, Q. (2005). Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and anti-oxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. Journal Plant 27: 2101-2115.


6. Alizadeh ahmad abadi, A., Khorasaninejad, S. and Hemmati. (2017). The effect of limited irrigation stress and humic acid on the some morphological and root phytochemical characteristics of Purple coneflower. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture), 19(1): 1-14.


7. Bagheri, N., Enteshari, S. and Razavi Zadeh, R. (2020). Effect of silicon on some of morphological. physiological parameters and the expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and proline 5-carboxylate synthase genes in Iranian Borago medicinal plant under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 12(1): 85-106.


8. Barnes, J.D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S. and Davison, A. W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 32 (2): 85–90.


9. Benton, J. (2014). Complete guide for growing plants hydroponically. 1, 1. CRC Press, 206, 3-4.


10. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H. M. and Chern, J. C. (2012). Estimation of total flavonoid content in Propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10: 178–182.


11. Chapman, H.D. and Pratt, P.F. (1961). Methods of Analysis for Soil, Plants and Waters. University of California. Division of Agriculture. Sciences, 309.


12. Danaei, A. and Abdoosi, V. (2021). Effect of silicon and nanosilicon on some morphophysiological and phytochemical properties of peppermint (Mentha piperita) under salinity stress. Research on Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 37 (1): 98-112. 


13. Deshmukh, R. K., Ma, J. F. and Bélanger, R. R. (2017). Role of silicon in plants. Frontiers in plant science. 8: 1858.


14. Dos Santos S. M., de Mello Prado, R., Teixeira, G.C.M., de Souza Júnior, J. P., de Medeiros, R.L.S. and Barreto, R. F. (2022). Silicon supplied via roots or leaves relieves potassium deficiency in maize plants. Silicon. 14(3):773-782.


15. Emam, M., Hawash, A. and Abul-Soud, M. (2022). Effect of some organic amendments on lettuce production under urban conditions. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research. 11(01):134-145.


16. Eraslan, F., Güne, A., Inal, A., Çiçek, N. and Alpaslan, M. (2008). Comparative physiological and growth responses of Tomato and Pepper plants to fertilizer induced salinity and salt stress under geenhouse conditions. International Meeting on Soil Fertility Land Management and Agroclimatology. Turkey. 687-696.


17. Etesami, H. and Jeong, B.R. (2018). Silicon (Si): Review and future prospects on the action mechanisms in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 147: 881-896.


18. Farrokhi, E., Samadi, A. and Rahimi, A. (2021). Investigation of antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis ) in different media under hydroponic condition. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8(4): 19-33.


19. Farshidi, M., Abdolzadeh, A. and Sadeghipour, H. R. (2012). Silicon nutrition (JAAR) Volume: 27 (1) 39 alleviates physiological disorders imposed by salinity in hydroponically grown canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta. Physiol. Plant. 34:1779–1788.


20. Gabr, S. M., Abouelsaad, I. A., Brengi, S. and Gouda, A. (2022). Growth and yield of spinach as affected by silicon and fulvic acid under salt stress. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches. 27(1): 26-42.


21. Ghehsareh, A. M., Borji, H. and Jafarpour, M. (2011). Effect of some culture substrates (date-palm peat, cocopeat and perlite) on some growing indices and nutrient elements uptake in greenhouse tomato. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5(12): 1437-1442.


22. Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Khorasaninejad, S., Sadeghi, M. and Tabasi, A.R. (2018). The effects of irrigation periods and humic acid on morpho- physiological and biochemical traits of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Plant Ecophysiological Research. 13(51): 67-82.


23. Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Khorasaninejad, S., Soltanloo, H. and Shariati, V. (2021). Physiological response and secondary metabolites of three lavender genotypes under water deficit. Scientific Reports. 11(1): 19164.


24. Hajiboland, R. and Cheraghvareh, L. (2014). Influence of Si supplementation on growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters in salt-stressed tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) plants. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. 25(3): 205-217.


25. Hayden, M. (2006). Introduction to international education: International schools and their communities. Sage.


26. Jin, D., Dai, K., Xie, Z. and Chen, J. (2020). Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences, Leaves, Stem Barks, and Roots for Medicinal Purposes. Scientific Reports. 10 (1):1-14.


27. Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T.J. and Marek, S. (2010). Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Scientia Horticulturae. 123(3): 390-394.


28. Katsoulas, N., Savvas, D., Kitta, E., Bartzanas, T. and Kittas, C. (2015). Extension and evaluation of a model for automatic drainage solution management in tomato crops grown in semi-closed hydroponic systems. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 113: 61-71.


29. Khademi Astaneh, R. Tabatabaei, J. and Bolandnazar, S. (2017). The effect of selenium on yield and vegetative characteristics of hydroponic. Horticultural sciences. 31 (1): 167-179.


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