بررسی اتنوفارماکولوژی و تنوع در اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی برخی از گونه‌های جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) در رویشگاه‌های شمال ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمینا دردی 1 , سارا خراسانی نژاد 2 , خلیل قربانی 3 , محسن فرهادپور 4
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان
2 - استادیار و عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
4 - پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه داروئی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, بنفشه, اتنوفارماکولوژی, فنل‌کل, فلاونوئیدکل, توده رویشگاه,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی 16 توده از جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) از 16 رویشگاه در شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران (استان‌های گلستان، مازندران، اردبیل، آذربایجان‌شرقی و کرمانشاه)، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت. اطلاعات اتنوفارماکولوژی از مردم محلی به‌دست آمد و نمونه‌های گیاهی در بهار 1398 در زمان گلدهی، از رویشگاه‌های مذکور جمع‌آوری شدند. بررسی اجزای عملکرد ، ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی نمونه ها به روشهای اسپکتوفوتومتری، ABTS و DPPH موردسنجش قرار گرفتند. نتایج اتنوفارماکولوژیکی نشان داد در بیشتر مناطق از فراورده‌های بنفشه به‌عنوان ضد‌التهاب و ضد‌ویروس در درمان سرفه و سرماخوردگی کاربرد دارد. نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های رویشگاه روی تمامی اجزای عمکرد و صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری‌شده، دارای اثر معنی‌داری بوده است به طوری‌که با افزایش ماده آلی و عناصرغذایی خاک میزان کلروفیل و وزن خشک اندام هوایی نمونه‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع میزان ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روشهای ABTS و DPPH، فنل‌کل و فلاونوئیدکل در اندام هوایی افزایش پیدا کرد و نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نیز نتایج به‌دست آمده را تایید کرد. در کلاستربندی که براساس دو عامل اجزای عملکرد و فیتوشیمیایی انجام شد، مشخص شد در فاصله 0/2 اقلیدسی تجزیه کلاستر برای ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی، به 14 دسته و برای اجزای عملکرد به 9 دسته تقسیم شدند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای نیز نشان داد که ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ادافیکی رویشگاه اثر بسیار زیادی بر اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی در گیاه بنفشه دارد که میتواند تعیین‌کننده الگوی مناسب کشت باشند.
In this research, in order to investigate the ethnopharmacological diversity, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of Viola species (Viola spp.) from 16 habitats in the north and northwest of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, East Azarbaijan and Kermanshah provinces), a research based on a completely Randomization was done with three replications. Ethnopharmacology information was obtained from local people and plant samples were collected from the mentioned habitats in the spring of 2018 at the time of flowering. At the same time, the samples of each barium were collected and prepared for identification at the species level and receiving the code. Soil samples were also taken from a depth of 0-30 for physical and chemical analysis, and the geographic coordinates and height were also recorded. The yield components and phytochemical characteristics (including chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid by spectrophotometer, total phenol by Folin-Siocatio colorimetric method, total flavonoid by aluminum-chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods) of the collected samples were measured. As a result of the botanical investigation, it was found that 16 collected masses were related to five different species including V.odorata L., V.alba, V.suavis, V.sieheana and V.ignobilis. Ethnopharmacological results showed that in most regions this plant is called by the name of violet or something similar and it is used in the treatment of viral diseases such as colds. The analysis of the results showed that the characteristics of the habitat had a significant effect on all the components of the measured performance and phytochemical traits, so that the amount of chlorophyll and the dry weight of the aerial parts of the samples increased with the increase in the organic matter and nutrients of the soil. Also, with the increase in altitude, the amount of antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods, phenolic and flavonoidic compounds increased in aerial parts, and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) also confirmed the obtained results. In the clustering that was done based on the two factors of yield and phytochemical components, it was found that the cluster decomposition for phytochemical characteristics was divided into 14 categories and for yield components into 9 categories at 0.2 Euclidean distance. The results of cluster analysis also showed that the climatic and edaphic characteristics of the habitat have a great effect on the yield components and phytochemical characteristics of the violet plant, which can determine the appropriate cultivation pattern.
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Ahmad, H., Khan, S. M., Ghafoor, S., and Ali, N. 2009. Ethnobotanical study of upper siran. Journal of herbs, spices and medicinal plants. 15(1): 86-97.
Al-Amier, H., and Craker, L.E. 2006. In vitro selection for stress tolerant spearmint. Botanicals and Medicinals. 306-310.
Alibakhshi, M., Mahdavi, Kh., Mahmoudi, J., and Ghelichnia, H. 2014. Phytochemical survey of essential oil of Stachys inflate indifferent regions of Mazandaran. Eco – phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 6(2):56-68.
Alizadeh Ahmadabadi, A., and khorasaninejad, S. 2016. The effect of humic acid pretreatment on germination of purple cornflower (Echinacea purpurea) plant under drought and salinity conditions. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal. 6 (2): 97-107. (In Persian)
Alizade ahmad abadi, A., Khorasaninejad, S., and Hemmati, Kh. 2017. The effect of limited irrigation stress and humic acid on the some morphological and root phytochemical characteristics of Purple coneflower. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture). 19(1): 1-14. (In Persian)
Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Vasiee, A., and Mortazavi, S.A. 2018. Oliveria decumbens essential oil: Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some clinical and standard strains causing infection. Microbial Pathogenesis. 114: 449-452.
Al-Jaber, H.I., Al-Qudah, M.A., Barhoumi, L.M., Abaza, I.F., and Afifi, F.U. 2012. Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan. Natural Product Research. 26 (13): 1179-1187.
Barros, L., Carvalho, A.M., Morais, J.S., and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2010. Strawberry-tree, blackthorn fruits: detailed characterization in nutrients and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Chemistry. 120: 247-254.
Barens, J.D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S., and Davison, A.W. 1992. A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environmental Exprimental Botany. 32 (2): 85–90.
Beheshti, F., and Khorasaninejad, S. 2023. Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 10(4): 44-61.
Beheshti, F., Khorasaninejad, S., and Hemmati, K. 2023. Effect of salinity stress on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of male and female plants of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 30(2): 242-262.
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Food and Drug Analysis. 10: 178-182.
Chorli, S., Khorasaninejad, S., Hemmati, Kh., and Kashefi, B. 2016. The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi, and North Khorasan provinces. Journal of Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(41): 41-52. (In Persian)
Chorli, S., Khorasaninejad, S., Hemmati, Kh., and Kashefi, B. 2020. Ethnopharmacology, quantity, and quality of flower and leaf of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in four habitats in Semnan, Khorasan Razavi, and North Khorasan provinces. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(59): 72-88. (In Persian)
Ghorbani, M., Khorasaninejad, S., Hemmati, K., and Ghorbani, K. 2022. Feasibility study on some native Iranian Viola spp. domestication. Iranian Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants. 38(4): 632-650. (In Persian)
Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Khorasaninejad, S., Sadeghi, M., and Tabasi, A.R. 2018. The effects of irrigation periods and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Plant Ecophysiological Research. 13(51): 67-82. (In Persian)
Gorgini Shabankareh, H., Khorasaninejad, S., Soltanloo, H., and Shariati, V. 2021. Physiological response and secondary metabolites of three lavender genotypes under water deficit. Scientific Reports. 11:19164. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98750-x.
Gulcin, I., Topal, F., Sarkaya, S.B.O., Buesal, E., Bilsel, G., and Goren, A.C. 2011. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Records of Natural Products. 5(3): 158-175.
Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Ghorbani, H., Esmaeilpour, M., Alford, M.H., Strzemski, M., and Dresler, S. 2022. Diversity and distribution patterns of endemic medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran: implications for conservation and habitat management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19(3):1552.
Hosseini, M., Forouzeh, M.R., and Barani, H. 2019. Identification and Investigation of Ethnobotany of Some Medicinal Plants in Razavi Khorasan Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 18(2): 15-29.
Jaffarpour, P., Farokhzad, A., Alirezalou, A., and Najad Habibvash, F. 2018. Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant activity in different salvia species in West Azerbaijan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 22(6): 23-38.
Jalali zenur, M.J. 2012. New Principles for Sheep Breeding. 3rd Ed. Publishers Partov Vaghee, Tehran.
Jewell, P., Kauferle, L.D., Gusewell, S., Berry, N.R., Kreuzer, M., and Edwards, P.J. 2007. Redistribution of phosphorus by cattle on a traditional mountain pastures in the Alps. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 122: 377-386.
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