بررسی اتنوفارماکولوژی و تنوع در اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی برخی از گونه‌های جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) در رویشگاه‌های شمال ایران
الموضوعات :
مینا دردی
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان)
سارا خراسانی نژاد
2
(استادیار و عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان)
خلیل قربانی
3
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
محسن فرهادپور
4
(پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه داروئی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی)
الکلمات المفتاحية: آنتی‌اکسیدان, بنفشه, اتنوفارماکولوژی, فنل‌کل, فلاونوئیدکل, توده رویشگاه,
ملخص المقالة :
در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی 16 توده از جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) از 16 رویشگاه در شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران (استان‌های گلستان، مازندران، اردبیل، آذربایجان‌شرقی و کرمانشاه)، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت. اطلاعات اتنوفارماکولوژی از مردم محلی به‌دست آمد و نمونه‌های گیاهی در بهار 1398 در زمان گلدهی، از رویشگاه‌های مذکور جمع‌آوری شدند. بررسی اجزای عملکرد ، ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی نمونه ها به روشهای اسپکتوفوتومتری، ABTS و DPPH موردسنجش قرار گرفتند. نتایج اتنوفارماکولوژیکی نشان داد در بیشتر مناطق از فراورده‌های بنفشه به‌عنوان ضد‌التهاب و ضد‌ویروس در درمان سرفه و سرماخوردگی کاربرد دارد. نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های رویشگاه روی تمامی اجزای عمکرد و صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری‌شده، دارای اثر معنی‌داری بوده است به طوری‌که با افزایش ماده آلی و عناصرغذایی خاک میزان کلروفیل و وزن خشک اندام هوایی نمونه‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع میزان ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روشهای ABTS و DPPH، فنل‌کل و فلاونوئیدکل در اندام هوایی افزایش پیدا کرد و نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نیز نتایج به‌دست آمده را تایید کرد. در کلاستربندی که براساس دو عامل اجزای عملکرد و فیتوشیمیایی انجام شد، مشخص شد در فاصله 0/2 اقلیدسی تجزیه کلاستر برای ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی، به 14 دسته و برای اجزای عملکرد به 9 دسته تقسیم شدند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای نیز نشان داد که ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ادافیکی رویشگاه اثر بسیار زیادی بر اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی در گیاه بنفشه دارد که میتواند تعیین‌کننده الگوی مناسب کشت باشند.
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Ahmad, H., Khan, S. M., Ghafoor, S., and Ali, N. 2009. Ethnobotanical study of upper siran. Journal of herbs, spices and medicinal plants. 15(1): 86-97.
Al-Amier, H., and Craker, L.E. 2006. In vitro selection for stress tolerant spearmint. Botanicals and Medicinals. 306-310.
Alibakhshi, M., Mahdavi, Kh., Mahmoudi, J., and Ghelichnia, H. 2014. Phytochemical survey of essential oil of Stachys inflate indifferent regions of Mazandaran. Eco – phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 6(2):56-68.
Alizadeh Ahmadabadi, A., and khorasaninejad, S. 2016. The effect of humic acid pretreatment on germination of purple cornflower (Echinacea purpurea) plant under drought and salinity conditions. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal. 6 (2): 97-107. (In Persian)
Alizade ahmad abadi, A., Khorasaninejad, S., and Hemmati, Kh. 2017. The effect of limited irrigation stress and humic acid on the some morphological and root phytochemical characteristics of Purple coneflower. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture). 19(1): 1-14. (In Persian)
Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Vasiee, A., and Mortazavi, S.A. 2018. Oliveria decumbens essential oil: Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some clinical and standard strains causing infection. Microbial Pathogenesis. 114: 449-452.
Al-Jaber, H.I., Al-Qudah, M.A., Barhoumi, L.M., Abaza, I.F., and Afifi, F.U. 2012. Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan. Natural Product Research. 26 (13): 1179-1187.
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Beheshti, F., and Khorasaninejad, S. 2023. Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 10(4): 44-61.
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Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Food and Drug Analysis. 10: 178-182.
Chorli, S., Khorasaninejad, S., Hemmati, Kh., and Kashefi, B. 2016. The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi, and North Khorasan provinces. Journal of Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(41): 41-52. (In Persian)
Chorli, S., Khorasaninejad, S., Hemmati, Kh., and Kashefi, B. 2020. Ethnopharmacology, quantity, and quality of flower and leaf of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in four habitats in Semnan, Khorasan Razavi, and North Khorasan provinces. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(59): 72-88. (In Persian)
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Jaffarpour, P., Farokhzad, A., Alirezalou, A., and Najad Habibvash, F. 2018. Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant activity in different salvia species in West Azerbaijan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 22(6): 23-38.
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Khorasaninejad, S., Soltanloo, H., Ramezanpour, S.S., Hadian, J., and Atashi, S. 2015. Effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics, quantity and quality of essential oil in lavender. Journal of Crops Improvement. 17 (4): 988-979.
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Majewska, M., Skrzycki, M., Podsiad, M., and Czeczot, H. 2011. Evolution of antioxidant potential of flavonoids and in vitro study. ACTA Ploniae Pharmaceutica- Drug Research. 68(4): 611-615.
Marcussen, T., Ballard, H. E., Danihelka, J., Flores, A. R., Nicola, M. V., and Watson, J. M. 2022. A revised phylogenetic classification for Viola (Violaceae). Plants. 11(17): 2224.
Martens, S., and Mithofer, A. 2005. Flavones and flavone synthases. Phytochemistry. 66: 2399-2407
Matsui, R., Takei, Sh., and Ohga, K. 2013. Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. ikedaeana (Violaceae). American Journal of Plant Sciences. 4: 859-865.
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