Comic books have received attention as multimedia texts profiting from words and pictures combined in order to narrate a specific story. As one of the features of comic books, sound effects such as onomatopoeic expressions contribute to the readability of these books. This descriptive study aimed at examining the effectiveness of different proposed classifications in accounting for all the cases of sound effects in English comic books and their Persian translations. In this case study, the focus was on seventeen English comics and their Persian translations. This study classified the cases of sound effects according to three classifications including Attridge's lexical and non-lexical onomatopoeia, Kokko’s onomatopoeic and non-onomatopoeic sound effects, and, Hinton, Nichols, and Ohala's sound symbolism. According to the results, Attridges’ and Kokko’s classification categorized all of the cases of sound effects in the sample (100 percent); however, the classification by Hinton, Nichola, and Ohala didn’t account for all the cases of sound effects. Moreover, the findings also indicated that the sound effects were not duly reflected in the Persian translation of comic books. The findings of this study can give sufficient insight to comic book writers and translators regarding the most common categories of sound effects. پرونده مقاله

Translation is a challenging task, especially when it deals with ideological turns. Translations may be manipulated and rewritten by rival parties to serve their own interests and convey their own ideologies and also translators play a significant role in negotiating meaning within social and political processes. In the field of ideological turns, different matters are being discussed from among which, discussion of patronage suggested by Lefevere is debatable; the latter consists of three components, i.e. ideological, economic, and status components that, according to Lefevere’s theory, affect literature products and especially translation. Taking this reality into account, the present descriptive-qualitative study was designed to investigate the effect of these three components on the English translation of Persian political news and on the selection of news by MEMRI (the Washington-based Middle East Media Research Institute) website; MEMRI translates the news of Middle East countries into European languages. The results revealed that these three components affected MEMRI’s translations and also the selections of Persian political news for translation. پرونده مقاله

Translation plays an important role in conveying and manipulating ideologies. Accordingly, this study sought to analyze the ideological elements in the English subtitles of the Persian movie The Salesman. The framework to find the driven ideological strategies in the translation of the Persian audio of the same movie was based on the critical discourse analysis (CDA) model inspired by Fairclough and proposed by Farahzad. Following the data analysis, the researchers found that the most frequently applied ideological manipulation strategies were related to social power relationship. Next came ideologically significant lexical choices fol- lowed by agency. The fourth most frequently applied ideological manipulation strategies were traces of both modality and nominalization while the least frequent strategies were tense, positive/negative, and coordina- tion/subordination. Furthermore, no samples of passivization/activization as means of ideological manipula- tion were found. Moreover, the translator had used frequent strategies such as deletion and addition, which were not included in the very same model. Ultimately, the study revealed that ideological manipulation oc- curred mostly in subjects concerning the rights of women in society, the patriarchal system of Iran, religious expression in daily conversation, as well as Iranian norms and their religious culture. The findings further proved the significance of ideology and power relations in the text and the ubiquitous need to be aware of the means of representing ideology in texts and thus how to analyze texts ideologically. پرونده مقاله