This paper provides a Fuzzy based decision support system (DSS) for risk analysis in E-tourism ( Electronic Tourism ) investment. In general term, E-tourism is the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in tourism which may allow operating tourism in least variable cost, least time and increased work efficiency. It is worth noting that there are many factors that affect the development of E-tourism. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, four factors of investment, human IT skill, E-tourism infrastructure and stability of the regions are considered in the present study. These parameters are fuzzified and a fuzzy rule-base has been developed for calculating risk factor for the E-tourism investment. The researchers used MATLAB software for fuzzifying the factors and gain the final risk. Case studies have been presented using the developed model. It shows that the investment possibility in developed region is high with low risk to invest. پرونده مقاله

This paper describes one university’s approach to improving the quality of teaching and learning at the institutional level, based on the premise of improving the design of curriculum rather than focusing on the skills of teachers as such. The paper describes the process by which university-wide principles of curriculum design were defined and agreed, as well as the parallel campaigns needed to align promotions, budgets and other key drivers of academic behavior and institutional culture behind curriculum renewal. The paper outlines the key enabling factors behind the approach; both those which might be seen as institution specific and those which can be found in most universities. It also identifies the structural and cultural obstacles to this kind of systemic reform, including some common approaches which are intended to improve teaching and learning, and the competing pressures for research improvement. پرونده مقاله