Helical milling is an alternative hole-making machining process which presents several advantages when compared to conventional drilling. In the helical milling process, the tool proceeds a helical path while rotates around its own axis. Due to its flexible kinematics, low cutting forces, tool wear, and improved borehole quality may be achieved. In this study, a new helical milling process to create holes in hardened steel with a hardness of HRC 52 was used. Carbide inserts with PVD TiN coating were applied. Input parameters including cutting speed and feed rate were considered in 4 and 2 levels, respectively. In order to increase the reliability of the results, experiments were repeated 4 times and the total of 32 tests were performed. Other cutting parameters, such as axial and radial depth of cut were constant. Machining process was performed in dry state and without any lubricant. Output characteristics were tool wear, surface roughness, cutting force, machining time and material removal rate. Tool wear, surface roughness and forces, were measured by tool maker microscopy, roughness tester and dynamometer, respectively. The results showed that increasing the cutting speed on this type of hardened steel, decreases the surface roughness, machining forces and machining time. However, increasing the cutting speed and the feed rate enhances the tool wear and material removal rate considerably. Cutting speed and Feed rate of 50 m/min and 0.05 mm/tooth, offered the best mechanical properties of the Machining. پرونده مقاله

Johnson cook constitutive equation was utilized to model the 10100 copper alloy wires at the cold wire drawing process. Johnson cook parameters were determined using several quasi-static tensile tests at different strain rates. The wire drawing experiments carried out at seven drawing conditions with two areal reductions and four drawing speeds caused the strain rate ranged from 37 to 115 s-1. Wire Drawing forces were measured using a load cell connected to the die. Analytical and finite element with VUHARD subroutine solutions were implemented to calculate the drawing forces using the Johnson cook parameters as well. Results showed that the Johnson cook model with parameters determined from a quasi-static condition was not able to predict the material behavior at the wire drawing process with a moderate strain rate. Inverse analysis using the Newton- Raphson method to minimize the objective function was carried out to modify the Johnson cook parameters. Updated Johnson cook parameters showed much more correlation with experimental results. پرونده مقاله

Friction-stir processing is a green manufacturing process for surface composite fabrication and surface modification. To achieve this critical goal, the type of cooling and lubrication are of great importance. Therefore, in this paper, the cryogenic effects were investigated on friction-stir processing (FSP) tool wear and surface quality of an aluminum matrix nanocomposite. Silicon carbide (SiC) nanopowder was used as the reinforcing phase. The effects of cooling strategy and tool rotation speed on the tool wear, microhardness, surface roughness, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were studied. The cooling procedure was conducted under dry and cryogenic conditions. Additionally, the rotation speed was set at three levels, while other parameters were kept constant. The FSP tools were examined under a scanning electron microscope, and the wear mechanisms were investigated under different conditions. The results showed that tool wear, surface roughness, and microhardness were improved under cryogenic conditions compared to air conditions. Furthermore, in the presence of liquid nitrogen, the metal matrix composite did not exhibit any microstructural defects, such as micro-cracks. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis also demonstrated that SiC had better penetration into the base material under cryogenic conditions compared to dry conditions. پرونده مقاله