In order to consider the effect of irrigation cut off and calcium silicate on seed yield and its components of rice (Local cultivar, Tarom Hashemi), a research was carried out as split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications in 2014 in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. Irrigation cut off arranged 15 days in 4 growth stages (At beginning, middle and last of tillering stage and 50% of flowering stage) as main factor and calcium silicate in three amounts (0, 500 and 1000 kg.ha-1) as sub-factor applied 15 days before transplanting. Results of analysis of variance showed that effect of irrigation cutoff on all measured traits (except percentage of filled spikelet per panicle) was significant. Effect of calcium silicon and interaction effect of treatment on all measured traits were no significant. According to mean comparison cut off of irrigation at beginning of tillering stage showed significantly decrease in panicle length, number of panicle per m2, number of spikelet per panicle and drastically reduce in seed yield. Cut off of irrigation at middle of tillering stage caused to decrease in 1000-seed weight. Maximum number of panicle per m2 and grain yield (405.78 gr.m-2) was found in cut off of irrigation at 50% of flowering stage. Correlation between traits showed number of spikelet per panicle (0.58*), number of panicle per m2 (0.56*), 1000-seed weight (0.59*) and percentage of filled spikelet per panicle (0.51*) have a significant and positive correlation with seed yield at 5% probability level. In general, it can be concluded that beginning of tillering stage was too sensitive to cut off irrigation because it caused to reduce of yield and yield contributing. پرونده مقاله

Background & Aim: During human history, most of infectious diseases have been cured with herbal drugs traditionally so that, nowadays, in most developing countries, herbal drugs play an important role in primal remedy. This study has been done according to the appropriate climate and biodiversity of plants in Golestan province in order to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholics, aqueous and boiling extracts of 23 medical plants species of Golestan province on clinical and standard stains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) and do comparison among them and determine the appropriate plant for next studies. Experimental: 23 medicinal plants were collected from their natural habitat in Golestan province in north of Iran. Their ethanolic and aqueous extracts were obtained by percolation methods. Antibacterial effects were assessed by disc diffusion method against 14 clinical and standard strains of methicillin resistant and sensitive strains of S. aureus. Results & Discussion: The result of antibacterial activity of these plants revealed that, ethanolic, aqueous and boiling extracts of 8, 3and 5 plants showed best effect. The ethanolic extract of Artemisia herbaalba, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum posed the most outstanding in vitro antibacterial activity which the maximum inhibition zone was between 18-25 mm. Also, the results showed that ethanolic extract had better antibacterial effect than aqueous and boiling extracts and boiling extracts had better antibacterial effects than aqueous extract. Anti-staphylococcal activity of ethanolic extract of plants against MRSA was better than MSSA strains. Industrial and practical recommendations: The ethanolic, aqueous and boiling extract of Punica granatum had the best antibacterial activity against microorganism. The result obtained from these plants might be considered sufficient for further studies. پرونده مقاله