predicting the effort of a successful project has been a major problem for software engineers the significance of which has led to extensive investigation in this area. One of the main objectives of software engineering society is the development of useful models to predict the costs of software product development. The absence of these activities before starting the project will lead to various problems. Researchers focus their attention on determining techniques with the highest effort prediction accuracy or on suggesting new combinatory techniques for providing better estimates. Despite providing various methods for the estimation of effort in software projects, compatibility and accuracy of the existing methods is not yet satisfactory. In this article, a new method has been presented in order to increase the accuracy of effort estimation. This model is based on the type-2 fuzzy logic in which the gradient descend algorithm and the neuro-fuzzy-genetic hybrid approach have been used in order to teach the type-2 fuzzy system. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, three databases have been used. The results of the proposed model have been compared with neuro-fuzzy and type-1 fuzzy system. This comparison reveals that the results of the proposed model have been more favorable than those of the other two models. پرونده مقاله

Nowadays, the use of networked control system (NCS) technologies in modern power systems is on the rise owing to the expansion of electric energy distribution systems and the advent and development of new communication-based technologies. However, the modern network-based energy systems are constructed from some coupled subsystems interconnected via their states and share their information through the communication networks featuring inherent time delays. In this article, an efficacious multi-agent-based cooperative distributed economic model predictive control is developed to damp the frequency fluctuations and reduce the cost of consumed electricity in networked-based smart energy systems by considering communication network inherent delays. In this regard, a buffer-based moving horizon strategy with an estimator is suggested to estimate the own states of every sub-system and the coupled states, i.e., those that their information exchange among sub-systems and their values are not accessible due to communication time delays. Moreover, the boundedness of the estimation error and the stability of the closed-loop system are established by this method. The usability and proficiency of the suggested scheme are proved by applying the developed approach for an interconnected power grid. پرونده مقاله