The present study conducted to investigate the effect of energy sources and levels on performance and breast meat amino acids profile in Cobb 500 broiler chicks. A total of 600 1-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks with an average weight of 39 ± 0.50 g were randomly divided into five treatments. Each treatment was further divided into four replicates. Chicks were fed a basal diet based on corn and energy level was same as Cobb 500 manual as control group, the basal diet with 3% lesser energy than control (T1), the basal diet with 6% lesser energy than control (T2), the basal diet based on corn and fat level according to Cobb 500 instruction manual (T3), the basal diet based on corn and fat with 3% upper energy (T4) for 42 days. Results showed that the best and the worst performance were for T4 and T2, respectively. Also, feed intake of chicks increased significantly in T4. Body weight gain was also significantly higher in the treated group with the basal diet based on corn and fat with 3% upper energy (T4). As result relevant although the lowest feed conversion ratio was for control and T3 on 14 and 28 days but also it was at the lowest on T3 on 42 days. The breast muscle function and amino acid profiles showed that there were significant effects between arginine (Arg), glutamic acid (Glu), proline (Pro), alanine (Ala), aspartic acid (Asp), serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), isoleucine (Ilo), lysine (Lys), valine (Val) and phenylalanine (Phy) amino acids (P≤0.01). The highest level of amino acids (g/g DM basis) was for Glu, Asp, Arg, Lys, Ser, Phe and Pro. In conclusion, it seems that inclusion of higher energy level than broiler nutritional requirements recommendation for Cobb 500 chicks could give better performance and affect the quantity and quality of their breast meat and its amino acids profile. In order to achieve higher weights, more energy is needed than the recommendation of Cobb 500, but to have better feed conversion ratio the recommended energy level is the best. پرونده مقاله

This study was conducted to assess the effect of ginger supplementation on malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as an oxidative stress marker, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in broiler chicks. Two hundred male 1-day-old chicks were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments (basal diet as control group and basal diet containing 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/kg ginger, respectively), with five replicates and ten birds per replicate. The levels of MDA and TAC were measured at days 21 and 42 of age. At day 21, mean MDA levels in chicks fed diet containing 2.5 g/kg ginger decreased numerically, and decreased significantly (P<0.05) in chicks fed diet supplemented with 5 and 7.5 g/kg ginger, compared with that of control diet. At day 42, plasma MDA levels in chicks fed diets containing ginger decreased as compared with that of the control group. There were no differences for plasma MDA level among chicks fed diet containing ginger. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments for TAC level. At day 21, the highest mean of TAC was found in plasma of chicks fed diet containing 7.5 g/kg ginger, and the lowest one was for chicks in the control group. At this period there was no difference between TAC level of chicks fed 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg ginger. At day 42, the similar results were observed, except that ginger supplementation over 5.0 g/kg had no significant effect on TAC level. The results showed that ginger supplementation, at and over 5.0 g/kg, caused improvement in the plasma of broiler chicks, with a decrease in MDA and an increase of (TAC). پرونده مقاله

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of acidifier (in drinking water) and toxin binder on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, microbial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 one-day old broiler chickens were distributed in four treatments with four replicates per each. The experimental treatments were: 1) control group (without acidifier and toxin binder), 2) group supplemented with acidifier, 3) group supplemented with toxin binder and 4) group supplemented with both acidifier and toxin binder. At 24 and 42 days of age, four birds per each treatment were selected and carcass traits, blood metabolites, microbial population and intestinal morphology were determined. The results showed that the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. The liver and heart weight was higher in broilers that received toxin binder (P<0.05). The experimental treatments did not alter the immune response and microbial population of the broiler chickens. The results indicated that the lowest serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride was observed in broiler chickens received treatment acidifier in combination with toxin binder (P<0.05). However, the birds fed toxin binder had a lower serum concentration of total protein, uric acid and liver enzyme activity (P<0.05). In the intestinal morphology, use of acidifier in combination with toxin binder improved the intestinal morphological traits in broiler chickens (P<0.05). On the basis of the present results, it can be used acidifier in combination with toxin binder in broiler chickens without any negative effect on the growth performance. پرونده مقاله

Conditioning is a major stage in the pelleting process for feeds. Probiotics are known to have the ability for improvement of the immune system and growth performance. Wheat can be used as a replacement for corn. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting temperature, probiotics and wheat grain on growth performance, blood biochemical variables, immune responses and mucin 2 gene expression of broiler chicks. Eight-hundred 1-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into 8 treatments with 4 replicates (n=25 chicks). A completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used with two levels of wheat (0 and 500 g/kg), two levels of probiotic (0 and 200 mg/kg) and two levels of conditioning temperature (70 or 85 ˚C). Growth performance, immune responses, blood biochemical variables, and mucin 2 gene expression were evaluated. Main and interaction effects were not significant on growth performance, immune responses and blood biochemical variables (P>0.05). Wheat and corn-based diets containing probiotic up-regulated mucin 2 gene expression (p < 0.05). Wheat can be used as an alternative for corn. پرونده مقاله

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger powder on the performance of Salmonella challenged broiler chicks and to compare its efficacy as growth promoter with an antibiotic, avilamycin. In a completely randomized design, 300 chicks were divided into six groups, five replicates with 10 birds per each replicate. The treatments included negative control (basal diet without ginger or antibiotic and challenging), positive control (basal diet without ginger or antibiotic, but with challenging), ginger treated group (5.0 g/kg ginger, without challenging), challenged ginger treated group (5.0 g/kg ginger, with challenging), antibiotic treated group (100 mg/kg avilamycin, without challenging) and challenged antibiotic treated group (100 mg/kg avilamycin, with challenging). The lowest mean of mortality was recorded in the antibiotic treated group and the highest in the positive control. Inclusion of ginger to the diet of challenged chicks decreased numerically the mortality as compared with the positive control. Broilers in the positive control had the lowest overall daily gain. Dietary inclusion of ginger or avilamycin increased (P<0.05) daily weight gain, but the effect of avilamycin was greater than ginger. In the overall period (days 0-42), challenging increased feed conversion ratio and inclusion of avilamycin and ginger to the diet decreased (P<0.05) it, but the effect of avilamycin was greater than ginger. Finally, inclusion of ginger powder in the diet could improve the performance of unchallenged and challenged chicks, but its efficacy is lower than avilamycin. پرونده مقاله

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy sourcesandlevels on performance and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatments with four replicates each. Chicks were fed diet based on corn as main energy source and energy level based on Cobb 500 manual instruction considered control group (C), basal diet with 3% lesser energy than control (T1), basal diet with 6% lesser energy than control (T2), basal diet based on corn and soy oil level according to Cobb 500 manual instruction (T3), basal diet based on corn and soy oil with 3% upper energy (T4) for 42 days. Results showed that chicks in T3 group had higher body weight, body weight gain and duodenum villus height compared to control group (C) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 42 of age (P<0.05). Chicks in T2 group exhibited the lowest body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and FCR but the highest feed intake (P<0.05). Feeding of diet T4 improved daily weight gain and duodenal villus height while caused concurrently increased FCR. Energy levels greater than Cobb recommendation significantly increased the villus height of the duodenum and decreased crypt depth compared to the control group (P<0.05). In order to achieve a higher weight more energy is needed than the recommended manual instruction for Cobb 500 but to have better feed conversion ratio the energy level recommended manual instruction is sufficient. پرونده مقاله

تتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی اثر تغذیه درون تخم مرغی کربوهیدرات‌ها و آنتی اکسیدان‌ها در تخم مرغ های جوجه کشی انبارشده انجام شد. برای انجام آزمایش 1200 عدد تخم مرغ قابل جوجه کشی از مرغ مادر گوشتی سویه کاب 500 پس از انبار شدن در دو بازه زمانی 3 و 14 روز جهت تزریق آمنیونی در روز 5/17 جنینی، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به 10 تیمار و 5 تکرار (هر تکرار 24 عدد تخم مرغ) توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) کنترل منفی (بدون تزریق)، 2) کنترل مثبت (تزریق 5/0 میلیلیتر محلول نرمال سالین)، 3) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر محلول قندی، 4) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر محلول آنتی اکسیدان و 5) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر مخلوط محلول قندی و آنتی اکسیدان بودند. درصد تلفات در تیمارهای مخلوط کربوهیدرات ها و آنتی اکسیدان ها در هر دو بازه زمانی کمتر از شاهد شد (05/0 > p). عمق کریپت و نسبت طول به عرض پرز روده و همچنین گلیکوژن ماهیچه ران جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق کربوهیدرات ها و مخلوط کربوهیدات ها و آنتی اکسیدان ها در طی دو بازه زمانی 3 و 14 روز انبارداری که بدنیا آمده بودند، بهبود معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشتند (05/0 > p). غلظت گلوکز خون جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق کربوهیدرات ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و مخلوط آن ها و 3 روز انبارداری بدنیا آمده بودند، افزایش معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشت (05/0 > p). ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی کل در جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق آنتی اکسیدان ها و 3 روز انبارداری بدنیا آمده بودند، افزایش معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشت (05/0 > p). نتایج نشان می دهد که تزریق کربوهیدرات ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و مخلوط کربوهیدرات ها و انتی اکسیدان ها در دوران قبل از هچ در تخم مرغ های بارور ذخیره شده، موثر می باشد. پرونده مقاله