This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn silage with prebiotic or probiotic on performance, immune response, and bone indices in layer hens during the molting period. Sixty 89-weeks old hens after the acclimatization period was used in a completely randomized design with five treatments including production diet (PD), feed withdrawal (FW), 20% PD plus 80% corn silage (CS80), 80% corn silage with 20% PD and probiotic at a level of 0.5 g/kg (CS80+Pro); 80% corn silage with 20% PD and prebiotic at a level of 1 g/kg (CS80+Pre). Four replicates of three birds were allocated to each treatment and the experiment lasted for 14 days. Results indicated that hens fed corn silage alone or combined with prebiotic or probiotic had significantly lesser feed intake than the PD group (P<0.05). Hens subjected to feed withdrawal treatment or corn silage feeding loss of roughly 22 to 30 percent of their body weight which was significantly lesser than hens fed PD (P<0.05). The FW and the use of corn silage alone or with prebiotic or probiotic compared to PD, resulted in a significant decrease of the ovary and liver weights (P<0.05). Blood phosphorus concentration was significantly higher in corn silage with prebiotic or probiotic treatments than in FW and PD treatments (P<0.05). This experiment showed that corn silage could be used as an effective method for force molting instead of feed withdrawal. پرونده مقاله

در این بررسی اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات نقره بر پاسخ سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در این راستا 560 عدد تخم مرغ در چهار گروه با چهار تکرار به صورت تصادفی تقسیم شدند. گروه های آزمایشی شامل:1) کنترل مثبت (تزریق 1 میلی لیتر سرم فیزیولوژی)، 2) کنترل منفی (بدون تزریق سرم فیزیولوژی)، 3) تزریق20 میلی‌گرم نانوذرات نقره و 4) تزریق40 میلی گرم نانو ذرات نقره به ازای هر تخم مرغ بود. تزریق نانوذرات نقره و گروه کنترل در روز 7 دوره جوجه کشی انجام گرفت. در انتهای دوره جوجه کشی، جوجه ها جهت بررسی درصد جوجه درآوری شمارش شده و پس از وزن کشی جهت بررسی پارامترهای سیستم ایمنی کشتار شدند. درصد جوجه درآوری در گروه های آزمایشی تفاوت معنی داری را داشت (05/0 > p). به طوری که گروه کنترل منفی بیشترین درصد جوجه درآوری را نشان داد. نانوذرات نقره موجب بهبود رشد جوجه ها در طی دوران جوجه کشی شد (05/0 > p). به طوری که گروه دریافت کننده 20 میلی گرم نانوذرات نقره بیشترین وزن بدن را نشان داد. نانوذرات نقره وزن نسبی کبد و طحال را به طور معنی داری افزایش داد (05/0 > p). غلظت ایمونوگلوبین G ((IgG، M (IgM)، تعداد کل گلبول های سفید و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت تفاوت معنی داری را نشان نداند (05/0 < p). بیان ژن فاکتور نکروز تومور کبدی آلفا (TNF-α)، اینترلوکین6 (6IL-)، فاکتور رشد بتا در حال تغییر (TGF-β) و فاکتور رشد شبه انسولینی1 (IGF-1) در گروه های آزمایشی تفاوت معنی داری را نشان دادند (05/0 >p ). به طوری که گروه دریافت کننده 20 میلی گرم نانوذرات نقره بالاترین سطح بیان ژن را نشان داد. به طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات نقره سبب تقویت سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی می شود. پرونده مقاله

Soybean meal is more beneficial than canola meal (CM) due to the better balance of amino acids in the nutrition of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of replacing soybean meal with CM at different levels during the rearing stages of Ross 308 male broilers on performance, carcass traits, and liver enzyme concentrations. In the first experiment, 420 one-day-old chicks received starter diets with six graded levels of CM from 0 to 15% for 10 days. In the second experiment, 360 eleven-day-old chicks were fed six experimental grower diets varying in CM from 0 to 25% over 14 days. In the third experiment, three hundred 25-day-old chicks were subjected to six finisher diets ranging in CM from 0 to 40% over 18 days. The findings revealed that the inclusion of the CM at the examined levels had no adverse effects on broilers' performance, carcass traits, and liver enzymes in the first and second experiments (P>0.05). Die-tary CM inclusion of more than 32% in the third experiment had significant adverse effects on the perform-ance, European broiler index, and liver enzymes of broilers (P<0.05). In conclusion, the CM can be in-cluded in broiler diets at levels up to 15% during the starter and 20% during the grower periods without adversely affecting growth performance and carcass traits. Nonetheless, an inclusion level of CM exceeding 32% of the diet during the finisher period resulted in decreased weight gain and harmful effects on liver function. پرونده مقاله

A total of 288 Ross 308 broiler chickens (mixed sex) were used to investigate the effect of supplemental guanidino acetic acid (GAA) to soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) based diets on growth per-formance, carcass characteristics, liver enzymes, and morphometric indexes. Birds were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 types of oil seed meal (SBM and CM) and 2 levels of GAA (0 and 0.6 g/kg) with six replicates in each. The results indicated that birds fed with CM diet had significantly lower feed intake and body weight gain and a worse feed conversion ratio than those fed with SBM diet (P<0.05). Supplementing GAA to the CM diet but not to the SBM diet led to increased feed intake so that the value was similar to those birds receiving the SBM diet as a statistical point (P<0.05), while the improvement of body weight gain was not achieved completely. Carcass, breast, and thigh yields were statistically lower in birds fed the CM diet than those fed the SBM diet, while the abdominal fat and liver weight were higher (P<0.05). Neither type of oil seed meal nor GAA significantly affected the liver enzymes and nitric oxide concentrations, as well as gut mor-phometric indexes (P<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing 0.6 g/kg GAA to the CM-based diet to some extent improves the growth performance of broiler chickens, and more content may be needed for complete improvement. پرونده مقاله