Optimum Planting Density of Mung Bean for Lordegan Region Lotfali Lotfi* and Ali Molaei Horticulture Crops Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran *Corresponding address Email: lotfiali48@yahoo.com Received: 25 July 2018 Accepted: 10 January 2019 Abstract Mung bean is one of the important beans in human nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate planting density for the highest yield of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars in Lordegan region. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors included four mung bean cultivars namely Parto, VC6173A, VC637194 and Lordegan Local mung bean plus three different planting densities of 30, 40 and 50 plants per square meter. Flowering date, physiological maturity date, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield were measured. Results of combined analysis of variance over two years showed that genotypes were significantly different in studied traits (except for number of seeds per pod). The effect of planting density was significant on all traits (except for 100-seed weight and the number of days to maturity). The interaction between genotype and density was not significant for any of the traits. The highest grain yield (1357.8 kg/ha) was obtained from VC6173A line a density of 40 plants per square meter. Keywords: Planting density, Variety, Yield, Mung bean پرونده مقاله

Galactomannas and Diosgenin, Miracle of Natural Products Wenli Sun1, Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian1, Hong Shen2, Mehdi Khoshkharam3 and Qi Cheng1,4* 1-Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2-College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 3-Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran 4-College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China *Corresponding author E-mail: chengqi@caas.cn; hesamshahrajabian@gmail.com Received:10 June 2018 Accepted: 25 Desember 2018 Abstract Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an annual, self pollinating, legume crop believed to be native in the Mediterranean region and India. Major chemical constituents of fenugreek are polysaccharides, steroidal sapogenins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and etc. Among them, galactomannas and diosgenins are two important bio-actives. This study aimed to review the importance and health benefits of galactomannas and diosgenin in Fenugreek. Galactomannas are industrial polysaccharides next to cellulose and starch. Fenugreek galactomannan is a heteropolysaccharide which reduce level of blood glucose level, normalize the surface activities inside the small intestine; they are also used in food products in order to increase the thickness of the water content. The most important health benefits of galactomanna are reduction in LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic, blood lipids, blood pressure and fibrinolysis. It displays a number of promising properties and attributes for future application as therapeutic agents in biotechnology and other pharmaceutical sciences. Diosgenin is an isospirostane derivative, it is a steroidal sapogenin and the product of acids or enzymes hydrolysis process of dioscin and protodioscin. Diosgenin shows different biological activity like anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-adipogenic. Considering tremendous health benefits and pharmaceutical properties of fenugreek in modern and traditional science, fenugreek as one of the oldest is recommend for future studies. Keywords: Fenugreek, Health Benefits, Bioactive Components, Galactomannans, Diosgenin, Pharmaceutical Science. پرونده مقاله

The Most Important Pharmaceutical Benefits of Sulforaphane, a Sulfur-Rich Compound in Cruciferous Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian1,2, Wenli Sun1, and Qi Cheng1,2* 1-Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2-College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China. *Corresponding author E-mail: chengqi@caas.cn; hesamshahrajabian@gmail.com Received: 10 March 2019 Accepted: 20 June 2019 Abstract Natural products have played a key role in drug discovery and development in modern days. Sulforaphane can be found in a wide variety of cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese broccoli, broccoli sprouts, broccoli raab, Kohlrabi, collards, kohlrabi, mustard, turnip, kale and radish. The most important health benefits of sulforaphane is its effects again breast cancer, lung cancer cells, human liver cancer cells, gastric cancer cell lines, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cells cancer, treatment of cancer cell senescence, anti-inflammatory properties, antineoplastic agent, reduction of placental and endothelial oxidative stress, potential in mixed granulocyte asthma, treatment of various neurological disorders, protection again skeletal muscle disease, anti-allergic and its impact against oxidative stress. Keywords: Natural Compounds, Sulforaphane, Health Benefits, Cancer. پرونده مقاله