Abstract It is believed that success in learning to a great extent depends on reflective thinking. Accordingly, the present study sought to explore the extent to which Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners involve in reflection. It also investigated which of the three groups of teacher mediation, learners’ scaffolding, and the control group outperform others on learners’ reflectivity in writing. Based on the findings, only the learners’ scaffolding group performed at the understanding and reflection level and by so doing, it outperformed other groups namely experimental group 1 and the control group. The second research question sought which of the three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and the control group outperforms the others regarding learners’ reflectivity in writing. Based on the results, the progress of reflection and all its dimensions has become statistically significant only in the learners’ scaffolding group, while in the first experimental group, progress has also been seen, but it is not statistically significant. Implications for EFL courses are discussed in the paper. پرونده مقاله

The objectives of this mixed-method study are to study washback effect of task-based language ‎assessment on developing reading skill and also students` attitude towards TBLA. ‎108 EFL learners ‎‎participated in the study were randomly chosen and were allocated into two classes of 54. The two ‎groups took a reading class which carried out 90 minutes per week and continued for 3 months. By ‎administering the PET, the homogeneity of two groups was approved. Both groups received similar ‎instruction over 24 sessions, but only participants in experimental class took the researcher-‎designed task-based reading quizzes each four sessions. Next, both groups were given a reading ‎post-test after the treatment, Results showed that TBLA has a positive impact of washback on ‎reading improvement among EFL students. Furthermore, the attitude of learners about TBLA was ‎calculated by employing an “Attitude Questionnaires on Reading”. To analyze the data received ‎from “Attitude Questionnaire” A paired-sample t-test was run. By analyzing the results of ‎quantitative questionnaire it is revealed that learners commonly have a tendency to the application ‎of TBLA in learning and teaching reading skill. Results of the research show that TBLA need to be ‎replaced by traditional assessment procedures since all ‎educational planning always attempts to take ‎full advantage of educational achievements and also improvements. ‎ پرونده مقاله