این ازمایش به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. کرت‌های اصلی به بافت خاک (لومی و شنی)، کرت‌های فرعی به روش آبیاری (نشتی و قطره‌ای) و کرت‌های فرعی فرعی به رقم سیب‌زمینی شیرین (سفید و قرمز) اختصاص داده شد. درصد استقرار قلمه‌ها، مشخصات رویشی بوته، صفات کمی و کیفی ریشه ذخیره‌ای و نیز میزان بهره‌وری آب مصرفی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که وزن تر شاخساره، نسبت شاخساره به ریشه، تعداد، وزن و قطر ریشه ذخیره ای، طول بوته، تعداد شاخه و برگ، درصد قندهای احیاءکننده، قند کل و شاخص بهره‌وری مصرف آب به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر بافت خاک قرار گرفتند. به جز صفت تعداد ریشه ذخیره‌ای، سایر صفات به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نوع روش آّبیاری قرار گرفتند. بیشترین بهره‌وری مصرف آب (CPD) در خاک لومی با آبیاری قطره‌ای به ترتیب 492/5 و 569/4 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب در دو رقم سفید و قرمز بود. براساس نتایج تجزیه علیت، عملکرد ریشه ذخیره‌ای به طور مستقیم تحت تأثیر وزن تر شاخساره (**726/0)، تعداد برگ (**722/0)، تعداد شاخه (**710/0)، وزن ریشه ذخیره‌ای (**668/0)، قطر ریشه ذخیره‌ای (**449/0)، طول بوته (**352/0) و طول ریشه ذخیره‌ای (**314/0) قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش کاشت رقم قرمز در خاک لومی با آبیاری نشتی در مرحله استقرار قلمه‌ها، آبیاری قطره‌ای در طول فصل رشد و آبیاری مجدد نشتی در مرحله پرشدن غده، به عنوان راهکاری در تولید بهینه غده خوراکی سیب‌زمینی شیرین در منطقه میناب موفق‌تر می باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

Cold is an environmental factor limiting the growth and yield of agricultural crops. To find cold-tolerant pistachio rootstocks, a factorial experiment was conducted at Pistachio Research Center (PRC), Rafsanjan, Iran during 2017-2018. The factors included six rootstocks (Badami Zarand, Ghazvini, Sarakhs, Integerrima × Badami Zarand, Integerrima × Ghazvini and Integerrima × Sarakhs) and four thermal treatments (4, 0, -2, and -4°C) with three iterations. Seedlings in 6-8 leaf stage were placed in thermal treatments for two hours. Ionic leakage, pH of leaked solution, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis efficiency index, chlorophyll (a, b, total) and carotenoid contents were the traits assessed in this study. Based on the results, a decrease in temperature made an increase in ionic leakage rate, conversely making decreases in pH of the leaked solution, photosynthetic pigments contents, Fv/Fm and PI index. In addition, the highest photosynthetic pigments, pH of leaked solution, Fv/Fm and PI index were observed in Ghazvini and Integerrima × Ghazvini rootstocks. Meanwhile, the highest ionic leakage was observed in Integerrima × Badami Zarand. In aggregate, Ghazvini and Integerrima × Ghazvini were identified as the most cold-tolerant rootstocks, while Integerrima × Badami Zarand was the most cold-sensitive rootstock. تفاصيل المقالة

Pistachio is one of the economic nut fruits in Iran. Water limitation is the most restrictive factor for its production. To overcome the water scarcity crisis, introducing drought-tolerant rootstocks is among the crucial breeding strategies. To investigate the drought tolerance of five Qazvin native pistachio genotypes, an experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse conditions. The factors were pistachio genotypes (Madari, KalKhandan, Kalehbozi, Sefid, and Ghermez) and irrigation regime (normal conditions and drought stress). The highest relative water content under drought irrigation conditions belonged to the Sefid (59.99%), and Ghermez (59.09%) genotypes. The lowest value (54.68%) belonged to the Madari genotype. The highest electrolyte leakage under drought irrigation conditions belonged to the Madari genotype (55.75%). The lowest electrolyte leakage (42.44%) belonged to the Sefid genotype. Under drought stress, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.12 mg g-1 fresh weight), total chlorophyll (3.051 mg g-1 fresh weight), and carotenoid (2.38 mg g-1 fresh weight) was observed in Ghermez genotype. In contrast, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.34 mg g-1 fresh weight) was observed in the Sefid genotype. The lowest amounts of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the drought stress belonged to the Madari genotype. According to the results, the Ghermez and Sefid genotypes with lower electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and biomass under water stress, were the more drought-tolerant genotypes. Madari and KalKhandan genotypes with higher electrolyte leakage and lower relative leaf water content, chlorophyll, and biomass were the most drought-sensitive genotypes. تفاصيل المقالة

In almonds (Prunus dulcis), selecting salt-tolerant rootstocks and genotypes is an appropriate breeding strategy. In the present research, we grafted two commercial almond cultivars (‘Sahand’ and ‘TS3’) on the ‘GF677’ rootstock. Then, we monitored the impact of salinity (0.5, 6.5, and 8.5 dS m-1) on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of the Sahand and TS3 cultivars. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salinity levels in both cultivars, with the least decrease observed in TS3. Under a salinity level of 8.5 dS/m, Sahand exhibited the lowest growth (8.9 cm), leaf area (5412.5 mm2), Chla, Chlb, Chltotal and carotenoid contents (0.58, 0.15, 0.74 and 0.31 mg g-1FW, respectively). Additionally, Sahand had a Fm/Fv (0.75), N content (1.33%) and Ca, B, Mg, S, Fe and Zn values of 1654.55, 1.64, 395.28, 168.6, 10.35 and 3.05 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, Sahand exhibited the highest MDA level (25.17 nmol g-1FW), TFC (2.95 mg GA g−1FW), Na content (649.84 mg L-1) and Cl content (3.52%). the lowest TFC (1.75 mg GA g−1FW) and the highest NHX1 expression, photosynthesis rate (5.65 μmol m-2 s-1), gs (0.1 mol m-1 s-1) transpiration rate (6.08 mmol m-1 s-1), Ca, S and B content (1903.63, 196.9 and 2.09 mg L-1, respectively) were belonged to TS3 under 0.5 dS/m salinity. Higher levels of Mg and Fe in the TS3 cultivar resulted in the stablization of photosynthetic pigments. Compared to Sahand, TS3 had a higher nitrogen content, and its greater NHX1 expression was a molecular confirmation of its salt tolerance. تفاصيل المقالة