Active biodegradable films prepared from polylactic acid (PLA)/roselle calyx extract (RCE)/Zinc Oxide Nanorod (ZnO-N) were fabricated as natural packaging materials for hazelnuts protection against microbial contamination and lipid oxidation. The PLA active films with ZnO-N (1, 3, and 5% w/w), and roselle calyx extract (0.5 g) were made by the casting solution technique. The fungal, microbial, chemical, and sensory properties of hazelnuts were measured during 9 months of conservation at 4°C. On the 6 and 9th months, moisture content was evaluated as %2.6 and 2.2% in the control sample whereas the moisture content of hazelnuts was measured as 3.6% and 2.9% packaged with PLA/RCE/%5 ZnO-N. At the last of experiments, the peroxide value (PV) was measured as 0.91 meq O2 kg-1 packaged with neat biocompatible films, whereas PV value was detected as 0.65 meq O2 kg-1 in packaged hazelnuts with %5 ZnO-N. Total microbial count ranged between 4.9 cfu g-1 for hazelnuts packaged with neat PLA and 3.7 cfu g-1 for hazelnuts specimens packaged with %5 ZnO-N after 9 months of storage. At 9 months, by increasing the level of ZnO-N from 1% to 5%, the mold count was reduced from 3.64 to 3.01 CFU g-1. The fungal contamination in the neat specimens was 3.95 CFU g-1. Sensory quality indicated that hazelnuts with ZnO-N had a significant impact on flavor and aroma, and the highest quality of sensory evaluation was related to hazelnuts packaged with PLA/5% ZnO-N/RCE. Flavor and aroma indices of hazelnuts packaged with %5 ZnO-N reached 3.5 and 4.5 respectively after 9 months of storage. The obtained findings indicate that biopackaging could be utilized to enhance microbial quality and inhibit oxidation reactions of hazelnuts during cold storage. Our results could be beneficial for introducing attractive characteristics to the biodegradable film packaging for example active film containing anthocyanin/nanofiller and can be applied when selecting a smart packaging for detection of food spoilage. تفاصيل المقالة

Bionanocomposite active films made from tapioca starch and bovine gelatin, with the addition of roselle calyx extract (RCE) and zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO-N), were created as packaging material to protect walnuts against mold, yeast contamination, and lipid oxidation. Three types of packaging were produced: tapioca starch and bovine gelatin (control sample), tapioca starch, bovine gelatin, and RCE, and tapioca starch, bovine gelatin, ZnO-N, and RCE. Approximately 30 grams of walnuts were packed using each type of packaging and evaluated for acidity value, mold and yeast count, peroxide value, and sensory tests. After 90 days, the mold and yeast count of walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N and RCE was 4.49 and 4.65 log cfu/g respectively, compared to 4.95 log cfu/g in the control sample. At the end of the conservation period, the aroma score was 3.59 for walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N, compared to 2.5 for those packed with tapioca starch and bovine gelatin. The acidity value indicated that walnuts packed with RCE and RCE/ZnO-N had a positive effect on acidity, with the lowest value found in walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N. The study showed that bionanocomposite packaging films containing RCE and ZnO-N are effective in protecting walnuts against fungal contamination and oxidation. تفاصيل المقالة

Biodegradable films based on natural molecules are used for food production protection to extend shelf life. The current work aimed to fabricate and characterize bionanocomposite films. The biodegradable films were prepared from a mixture of tapioca starch/bovine gelatin (TB) with the loading of roselle calyx extract (RCE) and zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO-N). The incorporation of ZnO-N and RCE improved the mechanical and barrier properties of films. ZnO-N/RCE and RCE incorporated composite films indicated lower water vapor permeability (WVP) than neat film, 3.36 ×10-7, 3.96×10-7, and, 4.2×10-7 g/mPah respectively. Elongation at break, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of TB film, TB/RCE, and TB/RCE/ZnO-N film were measured as follows: 18.44%, 14.56%, and 10.69%; 0.79 MPa, 1.52 MPa, and 2.65 MPa; and 14.4 MPa, 21.85 MPa, and 28.22 MPa, respectively. The solubility of the active films decreased from 40.33% to 33.68% by the addition of RCE and ZnO-N into the composite matrix. This study indicated composite films based on starch/protein incorporated RCE and ZnO-N have the positive potential for applications in bionanocomposite packaging. تفاصيل المقالة

The development of biocompatible packaging is a fine replacement for using of synthesis film. The purpose of the presentation investigation was to prepare and characterize biocompatible film. The active films were fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA) containing roselle calyx extract (RCE) and roselle calyx extract (RCE)/halloysite nanoclay (HNC). The incorporation of HNC and extract improved the functional characteristics of films. RCE and HNC/RCE incorporated films represented lower oxygen permeability (OP) than control film, 1.82×10-18, 1.41×10-18, and, 3.61×10-18 m2 s-1 Pa -1 respectively. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and thickness of PLA film, PLA/RCE, and PLA/RCE/HNC film were estimated as follows: 3.61×10-14, 2.5×10-14, and 1.46×10-14kg m m-2s-1Pa-1; 0.18, 0.21, and 0.22 mm respectively. The tensile strength and young modulus of the films increased from 47.91 to 62.83 MPa and 9.4 to 17.4 MPa respectively by the addition of extract and RCE/HNC into the biodegradable film. This investigation illustrated films based on PLA incorporated RCE/HNC and RCE has positive functional properties for applications in natural film packaging. تفاصيل المقالة