The Model of Wisdom: Role of Personality Traits, Successful Intelligence With the Meditating of Patience and Self-Efficacy
Subject Areas : روان درمانگریRoghaye Ghorbani 1 , Farhad Khormaiee 2 , Hamide Ghasemi 3
1 - PhD,
Yazd Farhangiyan University
2 - PhD,
Shiraz University
3 - PhD,
Ahvaz University
Keywords: successful intelligence, wisdom, coping self-efficacy, patience, personality,
Abstract :
The purpose of this research was to introduce and test a causal model of investigating wisdom behaviors. 440 undergraduate (281 women, 159 men) were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shiraz University in academic year 98-99. They completed Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (Webster, 2003), NEO Questionnaire Short Form (Khormaei & Farmani, 2014), Successful Intelligence Scale (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002), Patience Scale (Khormaei, Farmani & Soltani, 2015), and Coping Self-efficacy (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor & Folkman, 2006). The result of the present study supported the med- itational effect of patience and coping self- efficacy. In this regards, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and successful intelligence predicted wisdom indirectly by the mediation role of patience and coping self-efficacy. Accordingly, 45% of the wisdom variance were explained by these variables. Therefore, the big factor personality dimensions and successful intelligence increasepa- tience. So students who are patience to face the problems have more coping self-efficacy skills than those who are not patience; and finally result, they would behave wisely.
Ardelt, M. (2011). Wisdom, age, and well-being. In K.W. Schaie & S. L.Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 235-247). AP: Academic Press.
Ardelt, M., Pridgen, S., & Nutter-Pridgen, K. L. (2018). The relation between age and three-dimensional wisdom: Variations by wisdom dimensions and education. Journal of Gerontology, 73(8), 1339- .1349
Asadi, S. (2015). Charecteristic of wisdom base on implicit theories. Journal of Positive Psychological, 1(1), 51-66. [In Persian].
Azadmanesh, M., Abolmaali, KH., & Mohamadi, A. (2020). The structural relationship between wisdom and moral behavior: The mediating role of self- control. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 16(63), 221-231. [In Persian].
Bahramiyan, F., Morovati, Z., Yousefi, M., & Amiri, M. (2015). Reliability, validity, and factorial analysis of Coping Self-efficacy Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology & Personality, 15 (20), 215 - 226. [In Persian].
Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to rchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologist, 55 .122-136 ,)1(
Baltes, P. B. (2004). Wisdom: The orchestration of mind and virtue. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human
Development.
Bluck, S., & Gluck, J. (2004). Making things better and learning a lesson: Experiencing wisdom across the life span. Personality, 72 (3), 543-572.
Bluck, S., & Gluck, J. (2005). From the inside out: People’s implicit theories of wisdom. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (2005), A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives (pp. 84-109). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, S. (2004). Learning across the campus: How college facilitates the development of wisdom. College Student Development, 45 (2), 134-148.
Chan, D. W. (2008). Teacher self‐efficacy and successful intelligence among Chinese secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. Experimental Educational Psychology, 28, 735-746.
Chesney, M. A., Neilands, T. B., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., & Folkman, S. (2006). A validity and reliability study of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. British Health Psychology, 11, 421- 437.
Dortaj, F., Kord Noghabi, R., Ferrari, M., Jahan, F., & Esmaeili, S.(2018). Investiting validity and reliability and factor analysis of Webster’s Wisdom Questionnaire in Iran. Learning and Memory, 1, 7 .17 –
Ellemers, N., van der Toorn, J., Paunov, Y., & van Leeuwen, T. (2019). The psychology of morality: A review and analysis of empirical studies published
from 1940 through 2017. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(4), 332-366.
Fengyan, W., & Hong, Z. (2012). A new Theory of Wisdom: Integrating intelligence and morality. Psychology Research, 2 (1), 64-75.
Ghorbani, R., & Khormaee, F. (2016). Explaining wisdom on the basis of successful intelligence and coping self efficacy. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists), 13(49), 43-55. [In Persian].
Gilmore, A. L. (2014). A cultural examination of hardiness: Associations with self-esteem, wisdom, hope, and coping-efficacy. PhD Dissertation, Georgia Southern University.
Glück, J., König, S., Naschenweng, K., Redzanowski, U., Dorner, L., & Straber, I. (2013). How to measure wisdom: content, reliability, and validity of five measures. Personaliy Science and Indiviual Differences, 4 (405), 2-13.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public- domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models.Personality, 7, 1- 28.
Greene, J. A., & Brown, S. C. (2009). The Wisdom Development Scale: Further validity investigations. International Aging & Human Development, 68 (4), .289-320
Grossmann, I., Sahdra, B. K., & Ciarrochi, J.(2016). A heart and a mind: Selfdistancing facilitates the association between heart rate variability, and wise reasoning. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10 .1-10 ,)68(
Igarashi, H., Levenson, M. R., & Aldwin, C. M (2018). The development of wisdom: Asocial ecological approach. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 73 (8), 1350-1358.
Khormaei, F., A., Farmani, A., & Sultani, E. (2015). The Patience Scale: Instrument development and estimates of psychometric properties. Journal of Educucation Measurement, 5(17), 50-67. [In Persian].
Khormaei, F., & Farmani, A. (2014). Investigation 360 psychometric characteristics short form Big
Five Personality. Journal of Psychological Models Methods, 4(16), 29-32. [In Persian].
Negahban Salami, M., Farzad, V., & Sarami, Gh. (2014). A study of factor structure, reliability and validity of the successful intelligence scale. Journal of Educational Measurement, 15(15), 1-16. [In Persian].
Kalyar, M. N., & Kalyar, H. (2018). Provocateurs of creative performance: Examining the roles of wisdom character strengths and stress. Personnel Review, 47(2), 334-352.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (3rd Ed), New York, London: The Guilford Press.
Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2015). Virtues, practical wisdom and psychological well-being: a Christian perspective. Springer Science Business Media Dordrecht, 123 (3), 735-755.
Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). The psychology of wisdom: Theoretical and empirical challenges. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (Eds.), Ahandbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives, (pp.110 - 135). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Labouvie-Vief, G. (1990). Wisdom as integrated thought: Historical and developmental perspectives. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development, (pp.52-83). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Latvia, R. (2013). Factors of resilience wisdom and self efficacy as positive resources of leaders in sample of Latvian. Problem Psychology, 5, 96-107.
Le, T. N. (2011). Cultural values, life experiences, and wisdom. Aging and Human Development, 66 (4), .259-281
Le, T., & Levenson, M. (2005). Wisdom as self- transcendence: What’s love and individualism got to do with it? Research in Personality, 39 (4), 443- 457.
Lecturer, S. R. (2009). Five factors of personality and wisdom. Progressive Education, 2, 82-86.
Mitana, J. M.V., Muwagga, A. M., & Sempala, C. (2019). Assessment for successful ıntellıgence: A paradigm shift in classroom practice. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 4(1), 106-115.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1999). A five factor theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 139-153). New York: Guilford Press.
McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby, B. L. (2009). Religion, self–regulation and self control: Associations, explanations and implications. Psychologyical Bulliten, .69-93 ,)1( 134
Schwartz, B., & Sharpe, K. E. (2006). Practice wisdom: Aristotle meets positive psychology. Happiness Studies, 7, 377-395.
Shahsavarani, A. M., Hakimi, K, M., Alirezaloo, N., & Sattari, K. (2015). Teaching for wisdom as a strategy to improve quality of life and aggregate social capital. Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(9S) 143-149.
Staudinger, U. M., & Pasupathi, M. (2003). Correlates of wisdom-related performance in adolescence and adulthood: Age-graded differences in adolescence and adulthood in paths toward desirable development. Research on Adolescence, 13, 239-268.
Staudinger, U. M., & Gluck, J. (2011). Intelligence and wisdom. In R. J. Sternberg & S. B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of wisdom (pp. 827-846). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Staudinger, U. M. (2001). Life reflection: A social- cognitive analysis of life review. Review of General Psychology Special Issue: Autobiographical Memory, .148-160 ,5
Staudinger, U. M., Dorner, J., & Mickler, C. (2005). Wisdom and personality. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (Eds.), wisdom: Psychological perspectives (pp. 191-
220). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Sternberg, R. J. (1998).A balance theory of wisdom.
Review of General Psychology, 2, 347-365.
Sternberg, R. J. (2001). The WICS approach to leadership: Stories of leadership and the structures and processes that support them. The Leadership Quarterly, 19, 360 - 371.
Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2002). Dynamic testing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tamara, L. G., & Bennett, E. P. (2015). Big five personality and academic dishonesty: A metaanalytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 59-67.
Walsh, R., & Reams, J. (2015). Studies of wisdom: A special issue of integral review. Integral Rewiew, .1-6 ,)2(11
Webster, J. D. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom. Aging and Human, 65, 163-183.
Webster, J. (2010). Wisdom and positive psychosocial values in young adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 17, 70- 80.
Weststrate, N. M., & Glück, J. (2017). Hard-earned wisdom: Exploratory processing of difficult life experience is positively associated with wisdom.Developmental Psychology, 53(4), 800-814.
Williams, P. B. (2016). The relationship between mental and somatic practices and wisdom. Peer Reviewed Journal, 11(2), 1-14.
Yang, S. (2011). Wisdom displayed through leadership: Exploring leadership-related wisdom .The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 616-63.
