هیدروپرایمینگ بذر و محلول‌پاشی نیتروژن و گلایسین بتائین می توانند تاثیرات شرایط نامساعد خشکی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی نخود در شرایط دیم را کاهش دهند. در جهت آزمون این فرضیه آزمایشی در سال زراعی 97-1396در شهرستان کوهدشت استان لرستان انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار روی رقم نخود عادل اجرا شد. عوامل مورد برررسی شامل پرایمینگ بذر در دو سطح (پرایم نشده و هیدروپرایم شده) و محلول‌پاشی نیتروژن (از منبع اوره) و گلایسین بتائین در شش سطح (عدم محلول پاشی (شاهد)، غلظت صفر (اسپری آب)، اوره سه درصد، گلایسین بتائین 100 میلی مولار، گلایسین بتائین 200 میلی مولار، و گلایسین بتائین 200 میلی مولار + اوره 3 درصد) بودند. اثر متقابل پرایمینگ و محلول پاشی بر عملکرد معنی دار بود و بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک (2688 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و دانه (1301 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد توأم پرایمینگ و مصرف گلایسین بتائین 200 میلی مولار + اوره 3 درصد و کمترین عملکرد نیز مربوط به شرایط عدم پرایمینگ و عدم محلول پاشی بود. پرایمینگ بذر همچنین، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد نیام در بوته، وزن صد دانه و تعداد گره فعال را بهبود بخشید. اثر محلول‌پاشی بر روی تعداد دانه در نیام و درصد پروتئین دانه معنی دار شدند. بیشترین میزان این صفات مربوط به محلول‌پاشی گلایسین بتائین 200 میلی مولار + اوره 3 درصد برآورد شد. هیدروپرایمینگ، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، وزن دانه، تعداد دانه در گیاه را به طور قابل توجهی افزایش داد. همچنین، هیدروپرایمینگ سبب شد تا گیاه زودتر وارد مرحله گلدهی و نیام دهی شود. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، استفاده از تیمار هیدروپرایمینگ و سپس محلول پاشی نیتروژن و گلایسین بتائین با منظور نمودن نسبت هزینه به فایده برای بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی نخود دیم در شهرستان کوهدشت می تواند مد نظر قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

Salinity stress is a limiting factor for plant growth and production. To reduce the salinity effects, humic acid was applied in soil, and its mitigation effect was studied on Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. The research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block design with four replications at Lorestan University. The factors included salinity stress (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) and humic acid (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg soil). Results showed that salinity stress decreased plant height, dry weight, leaf number, root length, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. However, it significantly increased flavonoid contents and SOD, CAT, and GR activities. Essential oil (EO) quantity and quality were affected by salinity. The EO percentage and yield decreased by salinity. Forty-three constituents were identified, among which carvacrol, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, myrcene, p-cymene, α-thujene, citronellol, and α-pinene were the major compounds according to their contents and formed more than 94% of the EO. The percentage of some of the other constituents decreased to zero under specific salinity and humic acid treatments. The application of humic acid could mitigate salinity effects on growth and EO production. However, there was an interaction between salinity and humic acid on EO yield and quality. It seems that the application of humic acid is useful for improvement EO yield of S. khuzestani, but the amount of its application depends on the EO consumers’ favorite. Manuscript profile

In order to study the effects of salinity stress on growth indices of three clover species including, Trifolium resupinatum, T. alexandrinum, and T. incarnatum, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design arrangement with three replications. Factors included seven levels of salinity stress (0, 41, 82, 123, 164, 205, and 246 mM) and three clover species. Different performance was observed for germination and seedling parameters among the species. In addition, results indicated significant differences among the treatments in all traits and showed that the effects of salinity on all traits were the same at low-stress levels (0 and 41 mM), but differed at higher stress levels. The experimental results revealed that with an increase in salinity level, the greater reduction was observed in vigor index, seedling length, and root and shoot fresh and dry weight while MGT and GU increased. The highest levels of vigor index and root and shoot fresh and dry weight was related to T. resupinatum and T. incarnatum, respectively, while MGT and GU in T. resupinatum were higher than those of the other two species. In addition, T. resupinatum seedling length was higher than the other two species. Manuscript profile

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is considered as one of the major sources of oil and protein. In this study, the effects of vermicompost (VC) and sulfur (S) on soybean photosynthesis responses, yield, and grain quality were studied. To this end, a split-plot design field experiment based on randomized complete blocks with nine treatments and three replications was conducted in Aligudarz city Lorestan province, Iran in 2017. The first factor included Vermicompost treatments (0, 4 and 8 t h-1) as the main plot and the second factor included sulfur treatments (0, 250 and 500 kg h-1) as the sub plot. Results of the present study revealed that VC application significantly increased the stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), chlorophyll a+b (Chl a+b), carotenoids (Car), grain yield (GY), grain oil content (GOC), and grain protein content (GPC) of soybean. Furthermore, S application (250 kg h-1) improved the important traits in comparison to the control treatments. A significant interaction was found between VC and S treatments, suggesting the combined application of VC and S may improve soybean physiological responses, yield and grain quality in comparison to the VC and S treatments alone. Manuscript profile

Chilling stress inhibits yield of rapeseed. Salicylic acid (SA) can improve plants’ resistance to chilling through modification of many physiological mechanisms. In the present study, foliar of SA was investigated on some physiological characteristics of rapeseed under chilling stress in farm. Treatments included sowing date (conventional date, late September, and late 15-day delay, which represents chilling stress) and SA spraying including no spraying, 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µM. Findings revealed that conventional sowing date + 100 µM SA resulted in the maximum chlorophyll, anthocyanins, and proline contents while late sowing date+ 100 µM SA resulted in the maximum flavonoids and soluble sugar. The highest catalase activities were recorded for the plants treated with 100 and 400 µM SA, but delayed sowing + 200 µM SA led to the highest activity of superoxide dismutase. Non-application of SA + conventional date showed the highest ion leakage. Applying low concentration of SA to the rapeseed plants sown in the favorable (conventional) sowing date seems to improve their chlorophyll and anthocyanins contents, and increasing the SA in delayed sowing seems to reduce the adverse effects of chilling stress. In the case of flavonoids and soluble sugars, applying 100 µM SA in the delayed sowing group compensated for the negative effects of low temperature compared with the control, improving the plant’s resistance to this stress. In sum, the most favorable performance in most characteristics of the rapeseed was obtained with conventional sowing date along with applying 100 µM SA. Manuscript profile

This study was conducted on Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) to compare the effects of seed vigor tests, under laboratory conditions, on seedling emergence from soil (greenhouse) and to study the effects of foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) on growth variables and physiological performance of Melissa officinalis seedlings. Seed vigor tests were conducted on seeds of three sizes (large, medium, and small) in the laboratory. These tests included standard germination, accelerated aging, cold, Hiltner, and electrical conductivity (EC). Seeds of three sizes were planted in two different soil types, namely loam and clay loam, in a greenhouse. At the two-node stage, foliar applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (control, 15, and 30 ppm) were also made. The Hiltner test best predicted seedling emergence form the soil, whereas the other tests showed no significant predictive power. The findings indicated that the combined treatment of large seeds plus clay loam soil plus application of 30 ppm ION produced the highest seedling height, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b levels, soluble sugars content, essential oil percentage, and gas exchange, while the combined treatment of small seed + loam soil + no foliar ION application resulted in the lowest levels of these variables. Loam soil with small seeds and no foliar ION spray increased proline concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results of soil texture analysis and Hiltner seed vigor test were found crucial for farmers who cultivate Melissa officinalis L. Finally, ION foliar spraying is suggested for better physiological performance and yield of this plant. Manuscript profile

به منظور بررسی روابط علی و معلولی صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 18 ژنوتیپ در چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان انجام شد. در تجزیه به عامل‌ها، فاکتور اول عامل مؤثر بر خصوصیات برگ پرچم، فاکتور دوم عامل مؤثر بر ارتفاع و فاکتور سوم عامل مؤثر بر عملکرد نامیده شد. طبق نتایج همبستگی ژنتیکی صفات عملکرد زیست‌توده، عملکرد کاه، تعداد دانه در سنبله و طول سنبله همبستگی مثبت بسیار قوی با عملکرد دانه داشتند. بر اساس نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام و تجزیه علیت، صفات عملکرد کاه، تعداد دانه در سنبله و طول پدانکل وارد مدل رگرسیونی شدند به طوری که عملکرد کاه دارای بیشترین اثر مستقیم و بزرگ بر عملکرد دانه بود. از آنجا که صفات تعداد دانه در سنبله و عملکرد کاه اهمیت بیشتری داشتند، می‌توان در برنامه‌های اصلاح گندم دوروم به این صفات توجه داشت. در این تحقیق، تجزیه بای پلات برای بررسی همزمان صفات و جایگاه ژنوتیپ ها در ارتباط با آنها استفاده شد و بر این اساس، ارقام Dehdasht، Seimareh، Pod-20 و Alas به عنوان بهترین ارقام معرفی شدند. Manuscript profile