To s‌tudy human social behavior concerning the environment, the concepts of privacy, personal space, and territory have been s‌tudied by interdisciplinary experts. Examining how behavior is formed in the environment is very important in improving the environment's design with the culture of uses. Since experts in the field of architecture and urban planning need to provide real and objective solutions, they often do not have the opportunity to conduct practical research on the concepts of privacy. Identifying the formation of privacy of users can be desirable in the design of new housing. By linking the main concept and how they are in the architectural elements of different cultures, a cultural pattern appropriate to each region can be achieved. The main purpose of this s‌tudy is to link the main concept with the cultural and architectural perspectives. This logical reasoning s‌tudy used content analysis in two fields privacy and culture. For this purpose, definitions related to the privacy of collection and the method of open coding of its categories have been extracted. Then the privacy layers are extracted using social sciences and environmental psychology s‌tudies by summarizing qualitative content analysis. The semantic model of Rapoport's cultural meaning and privacy are combined in the research, and the main matrix of how the cultural layers of privacy are formed is drawn. Based on this matrix, the layers of social behavior can be categorized from the initial qualitative-perceptual level to quantitative-behavioral. Manuscript profile

During pandemics, people are more susceptible to high stress,which is caused by the dread of disease, the consequences of home quarantine,the illness and death of family members, remote work activities, and virtual schooling.As this might not be the last outbreak, we need to be well-equipped with greater adaptability and resilience.The research purpose is to investigate and then rank the components affecting the user's emotional experience (increasing relaxation and reducing stress) in the communal space of residential apartments in Tehran during pandemics.The ranking was based on the extent and type of psychological effect.This research seeks to answer the main question:What architectural components of the communal space of the apartment houses(living room),during the period of the coronavirus pandemic have an impact on creating or enhancing relaxation and decreasing the stress levels of residents?The research method is descriptive-analytical. Initially home-associated comforting components and recommended components for the pandemic era were scrutinized by reviewing the research literature.Moreover, components suggested by the authors were examined.The research components were classified into three categories: physical components, ensory components,and personal components.The components were evaluated through a qualitative interview with 10 architectural professors to confirm the validity of the research.Then, the data were collected and ranked through a qualitative questionnaire (including demographic information and Panas standard questions based on positive and negative emotional poles on a 10-point Likert scale) from a sample size of 405 people.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, one-way ANOVA, unpaired t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests.The results show that the most important components affecting positive emotional experience include openable windows that facilitate the flow of fresh air, the entry of natural light, and a semi-open space (a terrace or balcony).However, partitioning and creating individual spaces and higher dimensions of proxemics to family members had the least priority on positive emotional experience Manuscript profile

Conventional wisdom, as an interdisciplinary concept, plays a significant role in shaping daily behavior and the long-term use of spaces, particularly in residential complexes. Despite its importance, there has been limited research in architecture that has addressed and explored the relationship between conventional wisdom and architecture, as well as its impact on the use and formation of spaces. The main problem addressed in this paper is the need to understand the relation between conventional wisdom and architecture, and how conventional wisdom affects the use and formation of spaces within residential complexes. The research method employed in this paper is both quantitative and qualitative, with data being analyzed using interpretative-analytical techniques. Data collection was carried out through observations and interviews. Through a review of the literature, the research model was proposed by parameters of rationality, collective cognition, and reality with four minor dimensions including social, cultural, functional, and physical. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between architecture and conventional wisdom in residential complexes, particularly in the social and physical dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of public spaces as micro-components of the social dimension, and emphasizing the need for compliance with proportions, legibility of form, and visual diversity as part of the physical dimensions. Conclusions emphasizes the importance of considering conventional wisdom in architectural design in residential complexes. Also, among the others, social and physical dimension by legible public places and visual diversity has main role of relation between conventional wisdom and architecture. These conclusions can be utilized by designers and researchers working in residential complexes to better understand the impact of conventional wisdom on architectural design and the use of public spaces within these complexes. Manuscript profile

هنر ایرانی در زمان قاجار به واسطه ی ارتباط این دوره با غرب پیشرفت چشم گیری داشته و هنرمندان زیادی در این دوران به اروپا و کشورهای غربی سفر کردند، تاریخ قاجاریه و از جمله سفرنامه های ایرانیان به فرنگ به عنوان منبع مهم متنی در هنرِ معماری قاجار مطرح می باشد. در این زمینه، تزئین مهم ترین عنصری است که تاکنون در هنرهای مختلف ایرانی نقش پررنگ داشته است. تزئینات معماری که به شکل های مختلف، خود را در نما، ورودی ها و فضاهای داخلی بیان می کنند، هویت و ارزش خود را در مسیر تحول زیبایی شناسانه بیان می دارند. تزئینات را نمی توان از معماری جدا کرد، اما به مراتب، نسبت به معماری، بیشتر می توان نشانه های تاریخی، هویت اجتماعی و ارزش های فرهنگی را از آن دریافت کرد. لذا با توجه به اهمیت بناهایی با عملکرد کاخ در پایتخت ، آنچه در این تحقیق به آن پرداخته شده است بررسی زیبایی شناسی تزئین در معماری کاخ های اواخر قاجار می باشد. این بررسی می خواهد با روش تحلیل محتوای متون تاریخی قاجاریه (اواخر قاجار)، به عبارتی تحلیل مضمونی و ساختاری معماری این دوران، به این پرسش بپردازد که زیبایی شناسی هنر اواخر قاجار بر اصل تزئین استوار است یا خیر؟ زیبایی شناسی تزئین در هنر قاجار در چه عواملی ریشه دارد؟ این تحقیق بازنمایی روشنی از سهم تزئین در معماری کاخ های سلطنتی قاجار خواهد داشت. Manuscript profile

چکیدهتوجه به ترجیح رنگی شهروندان در فضاهای شهری یکی از عواملی است که میتواند تاثیر زیادی بر رضایت از فضای شهری داشته باشد. در بررسی های مربوط به ترجیح رنگی شهروندان عوامل مختلفی مانند سن، فرهنگ، جنسیت و غیره مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌، اما تاثیر پارامترهای اقیلمی بر ترجیح رنگی افراد کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش بر آن است تا به تاثیر پارامترهای آسایش حرارتی (دما، رطوبت، سرعت باد و احساس آسایش حرارتی) بر ترجیح رنگی افراد با انتخاب کارنهای رنگی و نیمکت‌های شهری با رنگهای گرم و سرد بپردازد.بدین منظور پس از مطالعه ادبیات موضوع و استخراج متغیر های مربوطه، به روش میدانی پارامترهای اقلیمی با دستگاه-های دماسنج، رطوبت‌سنج و باد سنج اندازه گیری و احساس آسایش حرارتی و ترجیح رنگی افراد با ابزار پرسشنامه مورد پرسش قرار گرفت. برای سنجش ترجیح رنگی افراد از دو نیمکت رنگی محقق ساخته و کارتهای رنگی با رنگهای گرم و سرد استفاده گردید. با بهره گیری از روش همبستگی پیرسون مشخص شد در شرایط p Manuscript profile