ارزیابی وضعیت بیابان‌زایی در دشت شهربابک با استفاده از مدل مدالوس و داده‌های سنجش از دور

محورهای موضوعی : بیابان زدایی , GIS

محمد ابراهیم عفیفی ¹ (عضو هیات علمی گروه جغرافیا دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد لارستان)
وحید سهرابی ² (جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشکده علوم انسانی،دانشگاه آزاد واحد لارستان،ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/02/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/31

کلید واژه: مدالوس, بیابان‌زایی, سنجش‌ازدور, شهربابک,

چکیده مقاله :

مسئله تحقیق: تخریب سرزمین یک فرایند جهانی است که در نهایت منجر به کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک می‌شود و اگر مفهوم آن را نوعی ناپایداری و عدم تعادل در رابطه بین انسان و محیط قلمداد کنیم، باید پذیرفت که بخش اعظمی از جهان و کشور ایران با این مشکل زیست‌محیطی روبرو است. مقابله با پدیده تخریب سرزمین و بیابان‌زایی نیازمند ارزیابی و پایش نوع و شدت تخریب اراضی، تعیین دلایل تخریب صورت‌گرفته و اتخاذ اقدامات لازم برای مواجهه با مشکل پیش‌آمده و نیز بررسی صحت انجام پروژه‌های مزبور است .هدف ارزیابی بیابان‌زایی دشت شهربابک می‌باشد. فناوری سنجش‌ازدور نقش بسیار ارزنده‌ای در ارزیابی و پایش تخریب سرزمین و بیابان‌زایی در مقیاس‌های محلی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی دارد و سبب ایجاد رویکرد جدیدی در مطالعات مربوط به ارزیابی و پایش بیابان‌زایی گردیده است . باتوجه‌به اهمیت مسئله تخریب، در این مطالعه سعی شد با استفاده از داده‌های سنجش‌ازدور و مدل مدالوس به ارزیابی بیابان‌زایی حوزه آبخیز شهربابک پرداخته شود. در گام اول، بر اساس وضعیت منطقه، شش معیار اقلیم، خاک، پوشش گیاهی، آب زیرزمینی و مدیریت و سیاست برای ارزیابی میزان تخریب، مدنظر قرار گرفت. شاخص‌ها بر اساس میزان تأثیرشان بر فرایند تخریب، کمّی و به هرکدام از آن‌ها طبق روش فازی امتیازی بین 5/0 تا 1 داده شد و در مقیاس پیکسل مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده حاکی از آن است که 4 درصد از سطح منطقه در رده خفیف،10 درصد منطقه در رده متوسط و 86 درصد منطقه در رده شدید بیابان زایی قرار دارد. از نظر حساسیت محدوده به تخریب، 4% از مساحت کل محدوده در طبقه بالقوه، 22% در طبقه شکننده A، %50 در طبقه شکننده B، %20 در طبقه شکننده C و 3% در طبقه بحرانی قرار دارد؛ بنابراین حدود 92% از مساحت منطقه در طبقه شکننده قرار دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Research problem: Land destruction is a global process that ultimately leads to a decrease in soil fertility, and if we consider its concept as a kind of instability and imbalance in the relationship between humans and the environment, it should be accepted that a large part of the world and the country of Iran are dealing with this problem. The environment is facing. Dealing with the phenomenon of land destruction and desertification requires evaluating and monitoring the type and severity of land destruction, determining the causes of the destruction and taking the necessary measures to face the problem, as well as checking the accuracy of the said projects. The aim of desertification evaluation is Babak Shahr Plain. Remote sensing technology plays a very valuable role in the evaluation and monitoring of land degradation and desertification at local, regional and global scales and has led to the creation of a new approach in studies related to the evaluation and monitoring of desertification. Considering the importance of the destruction issue, in this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the desertification of the Shahrbabak watershed using remote sensing data and Medalus model. In the first step, based on the situation of the region, six parameters of climate, soil, vegetation, underground water and management and policy were considered to evaluate the level of destruction. The indicators were quantified based on their effect on the destruction process and each of them was given a score between 0.5 and 1.5 according to the fuzzy method and were studied in pixel scale. The obtained results indicate that 4% of the area is in the mild category, 10% of the area is in the moderate category, and 86% of the area is in the severe category of desertification. In terms of the area's sensitivity to destruction, 4% of the total area of the area is in the potential class, 22% in the fragile class A, 50% in the fragile class B, 20% in the fragile class C and 3% in the critical class; Therefore, about 92% of the area of the region is in the fragile layer.

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